Prefabricated building
Prefabricated building
Prefabricated building is a form of construction in which some or all components of a building are pre produced in a factory and then transported to the construction site for assembly and splicing. It breaks the traditional on-site pouring mode of "Qin brick and Han tile" in architecture and is known as the "industrial revolution" of the construction industry.
Its core features are reflected in three aspects: factory production of prefabricated components, such as floor slabs, wall panels, stairs, etc., which are produced through standardized molds in professional factories, enabling precise control of dimensional errors at the millimeter level, and can also integrate insulation, waterproofing, and other functions; Prefabricated on-site construction, after the components are transported to the construction site, they are quickly assembled through tower crane lifting, bolt connection, or grouting fixation, which is as efficient as building blocks; The full process digital management, from BIM (Building Information Modeling) modeling in the design phase to tracking the entire chain of production, transportation, and installation information, achieves visual control of the entire building lifecycle.
Compared with traditional buildings, prefabricated buildings have significant advantages: the construction period is shortened by more than 30%, the amount of on-site work and construction waste are reduced; The maintenance quality of components in the factory is more stable, reducing common problems such as leakage and cracking; The on-site dust and noise pollution have been significantly reduced, in line with the concept of green building. Nowadays, from affordable housing to commercial complexes, from low rise villas to super high-rise buildings, prefabricated buildings are becoming the mainstream direction of modern architectural development due to their high efficiency, environmental protection, and high-quality characteristics.
In prefabricated buildings, sealing technology is the "invisible defense line" that ensures building performance, directly related to waterproofing, insulation, sound insulation, and structural safety of the building. Its importance is no less than the quality of the components themselves. Due to the large number of component joints in prefabricated buildings, if these joints are not properly sealed, they can easily become "channels" for rainwater leakage, heat loss, and noise infiltration. Therefore, sealing treatment is called the "last mile" of prefabricated buildings.
The key sealing parts are mainly concentrated in three types of nodes: horizontal joints (such as the connection joints between floor slabs and wall panels), vertical joints (such as the joints between adjacent wall panels), and irregular nodes (such as the junction of door and window openings and wall panels). Among them, the sealing of the joints of the exterior wall panels is particularly important, which needs to meet multiple requirements such as waterproofing, insulation, and wind pressure resistance, and is the core defense line to prevent building "leakage disease".
The selection of sealing materials and processes directly affects the effectiveness: In terms of materials, high-performance silicone sealants, polyurethane sealants, etc. are commonly used, which need to have strong weather resistance (able to withstand temperature changes from -40 ℃ to 80 ℃), good elasticity (suitable for displacement caused by building settlement), and excellent bonding strength; In terms of technology, the principle of "multiple fortifications" is adopted. First, water stop strips or foam rods are set inside the joints to fill them, and then glue is applied on the surface to form a sealing layer. Some important nodes will also be combined with grouting technology to form a double guarantee of "physical barrier+chemical seal".
It is worth noting that sealing construction needs to be closely coordinated with component production and on-site installation. For example, when prefabricating wall panels in factories, standard adhesive slots are reserved to ensure that the sealant can be evenly filled; During on-site installation, it is necessary to strictly clean the dust and accumulated water inside the joints. After gluing, it is also necessary to compact and scrape it flat to avoid the generation of bubbles. Only with precise control throughout the entire process can the "joints" of prefabricated buildings become the "safety line".
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