Stone material
Stone material
The treatment of stone joints (including indoor and outdoor stone laying joints) and the sealing of stone curtain wall joints are key processes in building decoration and curtain wall engineering. Their core purpose is to prevent water and seepage, protect the structure, improve aesthetics, avoid stone pollution, and adapt to deformation caused by temperature changes, building settlement, and other factors. The following provides a detailed explanation from the aspects of core purpose, material selection, construction technology, common problems, and solutions:
1、 Core purpose and importance
Whether it is ordinary stone joints (such as floor and wall stones) or stone curtain wall joint sealing, the core functions include:
Waterproof and anti-seepage: prevent rainwater and moisture from seeping into the interior of the structure, and prevent the base layer (concrete, steel structure, etc.) from being damp, corroded, or moldy;
Buffer deformation: adapt to the expansion and contraction deformation of stone and base caused by temperature changes and settlement, prevent stone cracking or joint failure;
Anti pollution protection: prevent pollutants carried by dust and rainwater (such as acid rain and sediment) from infiltrating into the gaps of the stone and contaminating the surface of the stone (especially natural stone is prone to pollution);
Aesthetic coordination: By using a unified color and texture for joint filling, the surface of the stone is made cleaner, enhancing the overall decorative effect.
2、 Selection of sealing materials
Different scenarios (indoor/outdoor, ordinary stone/curtain wall) have different requirements for the weather resistance, adhesion, and pollution resistance of materials, and targeted selection is needed:
材料类型 | 核心特点 | 适用场景 |
硅酮密封胶 | 耐候性极佳（抗紫外线、高低温），弹性好，粘结力强，寿命长（15-20 年） | 石材幕墙（室外）、高层建筑外立面接缝，尤其暴露在阳光、风雨中的场景 |
改性硅酮密封胶 | 结合硅酮胶的耐候性和聚氨酯胶的粘结性，抗污染性好 | 天然石材接缝（尤其易污染的大理石、石灰石），兼顾室内外场景 |
聚氨酯密封胶 | 弹性好，粘结力强，耐磨损，但耐候性略逊于硅酮胶（寿命 10-15 年） | 室内石材接缝（如地面、墙面）、非暴晒环境的室外低层建筑石材接缝 |
聚硫密封胶 | 耐油性好，抗渗性强，但弹性和耐候性一般，颜色较单一（多为黑色） | 潮湿环境（如泳池周边石材）、对耐油有要求的场景（如厨房石材接缝） |
Attention: Natural stone materials (such as marble and granite) should prioritize the use of "non polluting sealant" (solvent-free, low modulus) to avoid discoloration (such as yellowing and water stains) caused by the penetration of components in the sealant on the surface of the stone; Artificial stone has lower requirements for material compatibility, but still needs to be tested for adhesion.
3、 Key points of construction technology
1. Preliminary preparation
Cleaning seams: Use specialized cleaning agents (such as isopropanol, neutral detergent) to remove dust, oil stains, and stone debris from the seams. If necessary, use a brush or high-pressure air gun to clean; Do not use strong acid/alkali solvents (such as oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid) to avoid corrosion of stone.
Installation of backing material: fill foam rod (made of polyethylene or polyurethane) at the bottom of the joint to: ① control the depth of the sealant (usually the glue width: glue depth=2:1, for example, the seam width is 10mm, and the glue depth is 5mm); ② Avoid the "three sided bonding" of sealant (adhesive simultaneously adheres to both sides of the stone and the base layer), ensuring that the adhesive can expand and contract freely.
Paste decorative paper: Paste decorative paper on the surface of the stone on both sides of the joint to prevent contamination of the stone during gluing. After gluing, it should be torn off before the glue solidifies.
2. Glue application construction
Glue application sequence: Apply glue continuously from bottom to top and from left to right to avoid interruption and bubble formation; The nozzle of the glue gun should be slanted at a 45 ° angle and kept parallel to the seam to ensure that the glue can fill the gap.
Scratching and trimming: Use a scraper (or specialized scraping tool) to evenly scrape along the joint direction, making the glue surface flush or slightly concave (1-2mm depth) with the stone surface, while removing bubbles to ensure sufficient bonding between the glue and the stone on both sides.
3. Curing and maintenance
The curing of sealant takes time (4-6 hours for silicone sealant to dry, 24-48 hours for complete curing), and during the curing period, avoid rainwater erosion, trampling, or external collision;
After curing, check whether the adhesive surface is flat, without bubbles, and without missing adhesive. If there are defects, they should be repaired in a timely manner.
4、 Common quality issues and solutions
问题类型 | 常见原因 | 解决办法 |
密封胶开裂 | ①接缝设计过窄（无法适应变形）；②胶宽：胶深比例不当（如胶过薄）；③材料老化 | ①设计时接缝宽度≥5mm，且根据石材尺寸预留伸缩量；②按 2:1 比例控制胶宽和深度；③选用耐候性达标材料 |
石材污染 | ①密封胶含溶剂（腐蚀石材）；②打胶后未及时清理溢出的胶 | ①优先选 “非污染型密封胶”，施工前做兼容性测试（粘在石材小样上观察 72 小时）；②打胶后立即用溶剂擦除多余胶 |
接缝漏水 | ①胶未填满缝隙（有气泡或缺胶）；②背衬材料未填实（雨水从底部渗透） | ①打胶时确保胶填满缝隙，刮胶时排出气泡；②泡沫棒需与缝宽匹配（略大于缝宽，填入后紧密贴合） |
密封胶变色 | ①硅酮胶长期接触灰尘、油烟（室内）；②聚氨酯胶暴露在强紫外线中（室外） | ①室内选防霉型密封胶，定期清洁；②室外优先用硅酮胶（抗紫外线老化） |
5、 Precautions
Material compatibility testing: Before construction, it is necessary to take a sample of the stone and conduct adhesion and contamination testing with the sealant (at least 72 hours), especially for natural stone (such as marble), to confirm that there is no discoloration or peeling.
Following design specifications: The joints of stone curtain walls must comply with the "Technical Code for Building Curtain Wall Engineering" (JGJ102), and the joint width should consider temperature deformation (usually 5-10mm expansion joints are reserved every 10m).
Environmental adaptation: Neutral silicone sealant is preferred for outdoor curtain walls (acidic sealant can corrode metal frames); In humid environments (such as bathrooms), anti mold sealant should be selected.
By selecting materials reasonably and standardizing construction processes, the sealing and durability of stone joints and curtain wall joints can be effectively ensured, while also considering aesthetics and structural safety.
相关产品
undefined
The brand accumulation of Xinzhan for 20 years has accompanied and witnessed the emergence, growth, and development of China's organic silicone construction adhesive, creating a reputation in the industry with "a generation of pride, a new exhibition in China; craftsmanship and quality, a new exhibition in the world".
Product Series
About Us
Contact Us
86-13978636388
Christina-z1@outlook.com
No. 26 Guangyuan Road, Nanjiang Industrial Park, Dasha Town, Sihui City, Guangdong Province